Expr *sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(Expr *pExpr){
  while( pExpr && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Skip|EP_Unlikely) ){
    if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely) ){
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      assert( pExpr->x.pList->nExpr>0 );
      assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
      pExpr = pExpr->x.pList->a[0].pExpr;

    }else if( pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      pExpr = pExpr->pLeft;
    }else{
      break;
    }
  }  
  return pExpr;
}

/*
** Return the collation sequence for the expression pExpr. If

    pNewItem->zDatabase = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zDatabase);
    pNewItem->zName = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zName);
    pNewItem->zAlias = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->zAlias);
    pNewItem->fg = pOldItem->fg;
    pNewItem->iCursor = pOldItem->iCursor;
    pNewItem->addrFillSub = pOldItem->addrFillSub;
    pNewItem->regReturn = pOldItem->regReturn;
    pNewItem->regResult = pOldItem->regResult;
    if( pNewItem->fg.isIndexedBy ){
      pNewItem->u1.zIndexedBy = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, pOldItem->u1.zIndexedBy);
    }
    pNewItem->u2 = pOldItem->u2;
    if( pNewItem->fg.isCte ){
      pNewItem->u2.pCteUse->nUse++;
    }

    }else if( ExprAlwaysTrue(pRight) || ExprAlwaysFalse(pLeft) ){
      pExpr = pExpr->op==TK_AND ? pLeft : pRight;
    }
  }
  return pExpr;
}

/*
** pExpr is a TK_FUNCTION node.  Try to determine whether or not the
** function is a constant function.  A function is constant if all of
** the following are true:
**
**    (1)  It is a scalar function (not an aggregate or window function)
**    (2)  It has either the SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT or SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG
**         property.
**    (3)  All of its arguments are constants
**
** This routine sets pWalker->eCode to 0 if pExpr is not a constant.
** It makes no changes to pWalker->eCode if pExpr is constant.  In
** every case, it returns WRC_Abort.
**
** Called as a service subroutine from exprNodeIsConstant().
*/
static SQLITE_NOINLINE int exprNodeIsConstantFunction(
  Walker *pWalker,
  Expr *pExpr
){
  int n;             /* Number of arguments */
  ExprList *pList;   /* List of arguments */
  FuncDef *pDef;     /* The function */
  sqlite3 *db;       /* The database */

  assert( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION );
  if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly)
   || (pList = pExpr->x.pList)==0
  ){;
    n = 0;
  }else{
    n = pList->nExpr;
    sqlite3WalkExprList(pWalker, pList);
    if( pWalker->eCode==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
  }
  db = pWalker->pParse->db;
  pDef = sqlite3FindFunction(db, pExpr->u.zToken, n, ENC(db), 0);
  if( pDef==0
   || pDef->xFinalize!=0
   || (pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT|SQLITE_FUNC_SLOCHNG))==0
   || ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc)
  ){
    pWalker->eCode = 0;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }
  return WRC_Continue;
}


/*
** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
** see if they are "constant" for some definition of constant.  The
** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
** for.
**

** an error for new statements, but is silently converted
** to NULL for existing schemas.  This allows sqlite_schema tables that
** contain a bound parameter because they were generated by older versions
** of SQLite to be parsed by newer versions of SQLite without raising a
** malformed schema error.
*/
static int exprNodeIsConstant(Walker *pWalker, Expr *pExpr){
  assert( pWalker->eCode>0 );

  /* If pWalker->eCode is 2 then any term of the expression that comes from
  ** the ON or USING clauses of an outer join disqualifies the expression
  ** from being considered constant. */
  if( pWalker->eCode==2 && ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_OuterON) ){
    pWalker->eCode = 0;
    return WRC_Abort;
  }

  switch( pExpr->op ){
    /* Consider functions to be constant if all their arguments are constant
    ** and either pWalker->eCode==4 or 5 or the function has the
    ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONST flag. */
    case TK_FUNCTION:
      if( (pWalker->eCode>=4 || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_ConstFunc))
       && !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc)
      ){
        if( pWalker->eCode==5 ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_FromDDL);
        return WRC_Continue;
      }else if( pWalker->pParse ){
        return exprNodeIsConstantFunction(pWalker, pExpr);
      }else{
        pWalker->eCode = 0;
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
    case TK_ID:
      /* Convert "true" or "false" in a DEFAULT clause into the
      ** appropriate TK_TRUEFALSE operator */

      /* no break */ deliberate_fall_through
    default:
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail() disallows */
      testcase( pExpr->op==TK_EXISTS ); /* sqlite3SelectWalkFail() disallows */
      return WRC_Continue;
  }
}
static int exprIsConst(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int initFlag, int iCur){
  Walker w;
  w.eCode = initFlag;
  w.pParse = pParse;
  w.xExprCallback = exprNodeIsConstant;
  w.xSelectCallback = sqlite3SelectWalkFail;
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  w.xSelectCallback2 = sqlite3SelectWalkAssert2;
#endif
  w.u.iCur = iCur;
  sqlite3WalkExpr(&w, p);
  return w.eCode;
}

/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if the expression is constant
** and 0 if it involves variables or function calls.
**
** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is
** a constant.
**
** The pParse parameter may be NULL.  But if it is NULL, there is no way
** to determine if function calls are constant or not, and hence all
** function calls will be considered to be non-constant.  If pParse is
** not NULL, then a function call might be constant, depending on the
** function and on its parameters.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  return exprIsConst(pParse, p, 1, 0);
}

/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if
**
**   (1) the expression is constant, and
**   (2) the expression does originate in the ON or USING clause
**       of a LEFT JOIN, and
**   (3) the expression does not contain any EP_FixedCol TK_COLUMN
**       operands created by the constant propagation optimization.
**
** When this routine returns true, it indicates that the expression
** can be added to the pParse->pConstExpr list and evaluated once when
** the prepared statement starts up.  See sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce().
*/
static int sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  return exprIsConst(pParse, p, 2, 0);
}

/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return non-zero if the expression is constant
** for any single row of the table with cursor iCur.  In other words, the
** expression must not refer to any non-deterministic function nor any
** table other than iCur.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr *p, int iCur){
  return exprIsConst(0, p, 3, iCur);
}

/*
** Check pExpr to see if it is an constraint on the single data source
** pSrc = &pSrcList->a[iSrc].  In other words, check to see if pExpr
** constrains pSrc but does not depend on any other tables or data
** sources anywhere else in the query.  Return true (non-zero) if pExpr

**
** For the purposes of this function, a double-quoted string (ex: "abc")
** is considered a variable but a single-quoted string (ex: 'abc') is
** a constant.
*/
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr *p, u8 isInit){
  assert( isInit==0 || isInit==1 );
  return exprIsConst(0, p, 4+isInit, 0);
}

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
/*
** Walk an expression tree.  Return 1 if the expression contains a
** subquery of some kind.  Return 0 if there are no subqueries.
*/

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** The argument is an IN operator with a list (not a subquery) on the
** right-hand side.  Return TRUE if that list is constant.
*/
static int sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(Parse *pParse, Expr *pIn){
  Expr *pLHS;
  int res;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pIn, EP_xIsSelect) );
  pLHS = pIn->pLeft;
  pIn->pLeft = 0;
  res = sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pIn);
  pIn->pLeft = pLHS;
  return res;
}
#endif

/*
** This function is used by the implementation of the IN (...) operator.

  ** and the RHS is not constant or has two or fewer terms,
  ** then it is not worth creating an ephemeral table to evaluate
  ** the IN operator so return IN_INDEX_NOOP.
  */
  if( eType==0
   && (inFlags & IN_INDEX_NOOP_OK)
   && ExprUseXList(pX)
   && (!sqlite3InRhsIsConstant(pParse,pX) || pX->x.pList->nExpr<=2)
  ){
    pParse->nTab--;  /* Back out the allocation of the unused cursor */
    iTab = -1;       /* Cursor is not allocated */
    eType = IN_INDEX_NOOP;
  }

  if( eType==0 ){

      Expr *pE2 = pItem->pExpr;

      /* If the expression is not constant then we will need to
      ** disable the test that was generated above that makes sure
      ** this code only executes once.  Because for a non-constant
      ** expression we need to rerun this code each time.
      */
      if( addrOnce && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pE2) ){
        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOnce-1);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOnce);
        ExprClearProperty(pExpr, EP_Subrtn);
        addrOnce = 0;
      }

      /* Evaluate the expression and insert it into the temp table */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
      if( ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_WinFunc) ){
        return pExpr->y.pWin->regResult;
      }
#endif

      if( ConstFactorOk(pParse)
       && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse,pExpr)
      ){
        /* SQL functions can be expensive. So try to avoid running them
        ** multiple times if we know they always give the same result */
        return sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, -1);
      }
      assert( !ExprHasProperty(pExpr, EP_TokenOnly) );
      assert( ExprUseXList(pExpr) );
      pFarg = pExpr->x.pList;

        return exprCodeInlineFunction(pParse, pFarg,
             SQLITE_PTR_TO_INT(pDef->pUserData), target);
      }else if( pDef->funcFlags & (SQLITE_FUNC_DIRECT|SQLITE_FUNC_UNSAFE) ){
        sqlite3ExprFunctionUsable(pParse, pExpr, pDef);
      }

      for(i=0; i<nFarg; i++){
        if( i<32 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr) ){
          testcase( i==31 );
          constMask |= MASKBIT32(i);
        }
        if( (pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_NEEDCOLL)!=0 && !pColl ){
          pColl = sqlite3ExprCollSeq(pParse, pFarg->a[i].pExpr);
        }
      }

*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int *pReg){
  int r2;
  pExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollateAndLikely(pExpr);
  if( ConstFactorOk(pParse)
   && ALWAYS(pExpr!=0)
   && pExpr->op!=TK_REGISTER
   && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse, pExpr)
  ){
    *pReg  = 0;
    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, -1);
  }else{
    int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
    r2 = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, r1);
    if( r2==r1 ){

/*
** Generate code that will evaluate expression pExpr and store the
** results in register target.  The results are guaranteed to appear
** in register target.  If the expression is constant, then this routine
** might choose to code the expression at initialization time.
*/
void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr, int target){
  if( pParse->okConstFactor && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse,pExpr) ){
    sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, target);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprCodeCopy(pParse, pExpr, target);
  }
}

/*

      if( flags & SQLITE_ECEL_OMITREF ){
        i--;
        n--;
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, copyOp, j+srcReg-1, target+i);
      }
    }else if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR)!=0
           && sqlite3ExprIsConstantNotJoin(pParse,pExpr)
    ){
      sqlite3ExprCodeRunJustOnce(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
    }else{
      int inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
      if( inReg!=target+i ){
        VdbeOp *pOp;
        if( copyOp==OP_Copy

** If SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT is defined, then the three routines
** above are all no-ops
*/
# define autoIncBegin(A,B,C) (0)
# define autoIncStep(A,B,C)
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_AUTOINCREMENT */

/*
** If argument pVal is a Select object returned by an sqlite3MultiValues()
** that was able to use the co-routine optimization, finish coding the
** co-routine.
*/
void sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(Parse *pParse, Select *pVal){
  if( ALWAYS(pVal) && pVal->pSrc->nSrc>0 ){
    SrcItem *pItem = &pVal->pSrc->a[0];
    sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(pParse->pVdbe, pItem->regReturn);
    sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(pParse->pVdbe, pItem->addrFillSub - 1);
  }
}

/*
** Return true if all expressions in the expression-list passed as the
** only argument are constant.
*/
static int exprListIsConstant(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pRow){
  int ii;
  for(ii=0; ii<pRow->nExpr; ii++){
    if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse, pRow->a[ii].pExpr) ) return 0;
  }
  return 1;
}

/*
** Return true if all expressions in the expression-list passed as the
** only argument are both constant and have no affinity.
*/
static int exprListIsNoAffinity(Parse *pParse, ExprList *pRow){
  int ii;
  if( exprListIsConstant(pParse,pRow)==0 ) return 0;
  for(ii=0; ii<pRow->nExpr; ii++){
    assert( pRow->a[ii].pExpr->affExpr==0 );
    if( 0!=sqlite3ExprAffinity(pRow->a[ii].pExpr) ) return 0;
  }
  return 1;

}

/*
** This function is called by the parser for the second and subsequent
** rows of a multi-row VALUES clause. Argument pLeft is the part of
** the VALUES clause already parsed, argument pRow is the vector of values
** for the new row. The Select object returned represents the complete
** VALUES clause, including the new row.
**
** There are two ways in which this may be achieved - by incremental 
** coding of a co-routine (the "co-routine" method) or by returning a
** Select object equivalent to the following (the "UNION ALL" method):
**
**        "pLeft UNION ALL SELECT pRow"
**
** If the VALUES clause contains a lot of rows, this compound Select
** object may consume a lot of memory.
**
** When the co-routine method is used, each row that will be returned
** by the VALUES clause is coded into part of a co-routine as it is 
** passed to this function. The returned Select object is equivalent to:
**
**     SELECT * FROM (
**       Select object to read co-routine
**     )
**
** The co-routine method is used in most cases. Exceptions are:
**
**    a) If the current statement has a WITH clause. This is to avoid
**       statements like:
**
**            WITH cte AS ( VALUES('x'), ('y') ... )
**            SELECT * FROM cte AS a, cte AS b;
**
**       This will not work, as the co-routine uses a hard-coded register
**       for its OP_Yield instructions, and so it is not possible for two
**       cursors to iterate through it concurrently.
**
**    b) The schema is currently being parsed (i.e. the VALUES clause is part 
**       of a schema item like a VIEW or TRIGGER). In this case there is no VM
**       being generated when parsing is taking place, and so generating 
**       a co-routine is not possible.
**
**    c) There are non-constant expressions in the VALUES clause (e.g.
**       the VALUES clause is part of a correlated sub-query).
**
**    d) One or more of the values in the first row of the VALUES clause
**       has an affinity (i.e. is a CAST expression). This causes problems
**       because the complex rules SQLite uses (see function 
**       sqlite3SubqueryColumnTypes() in select.c) to determine the effective
**       affinity of such a column for all rows require access to all values in
**       the column simultaneously. 
*/
Select *sqlite3MultiValues(Parse *pParse, Select *pLeft, ExprList *pRow){

  if( pParse->bHasWith                   /* condition (a) above */
   || pParse->db->init.busy              /* condition (b) above */
   || exprListIsConstant(pParse,pRow)==0 /* condition (c) above */
   || (pLeft->pSrc->nSrc==0 &&
       exprListIsNoAffinity(pParse,pLeft->pEList)==0) /* condition (d) above */
   || IN_SPECIAL_PARSE
  ){
    /* The co-routine method cannot be used. Fall back to UNION ALL. */
    Select *pSelect = 0;
    int f = SF_Values | SF_MultiValue;
    if( pLeft->pSrc->nSrc ){
      sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(pParse, pLeft);
      f = SF_Values;
    }else if( pLeft->pPrior ){
      /* In this case set the SF_MultiValue flag only if it was set on pLeft */
      f = (f & pLeft->selFlags);
    }
    pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, pRow, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, f, 0);
    pLeft->selFlags &= ~SF_MultiValue;
    if( pSelect ){
      pSelect->op = TK_ALL;
      pSelect->pPrior = pLeft;
      pLeft = pSelect;
    }
  }else{
    SrcItem *p = 0;               /* SrcItem that reads from co-routine */

    if( pLeft->pSrc->nSrc==0 ){
      /* Co-routine has not yet been started and the special Select object
      ** that accesses the co-routine has not yet been created. This block 
      ** does both those things. */
      Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
      Select *pRet = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0);

      /* Ensure the database schema has been read. This is to ensure we have
      ** the correct text encoding.  */
      if( (pParse->db->mDbFlags & DBFLAG_SchemaKnownOk)==0 ){
        sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse);
      }

      if( pRet ){
        SelectDest dest;
        pRet->pSrc->nSrc = 1;
        pRet->pPrior = pLeft->pPrior;
        pRet->op = pLeft->op;
        pLeft->pPrior = 0;
        pLeft->op = TK_SELECT;
        assert( pLeft->pNext==0 );
        assert( pRet->pNext==0 );
        p = &pRet->pSrc->a[0];
        p->pSelect = pLeft;
        p->fg.viaCoroutine = 1;
        p->addrFillSub = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
        p->regReturn = ++pParse->nMem;
        p->iCursor = -1;
        p->u1.nRow = 2;
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v,OP_InitCoroutine,p->regReturn,0,p->addrFillSub);
        sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, p->regReturn);

        /* Allocate registers for the output of the co-routine. Do so so
        ** that there are two unused registers immediately before those
        ** used by the co-routine. This allows the code in sqlite3Insert()
        ** to use these registers directly, instead of copying the output
        ** of the co-routine to a separate array for processing.  */
        dest.iSdst = pParse->nMem + 3; 
        dest.nSdst = pLeft->pEList->nExpr;
        pParse->nMem += 2 + dest.nSdst;

        pLeft->selFlags |= SF_MultiValue;
        sqlite3Select(pParse, pLeft, &dest);
        p->regResult = dest.iSdst;
        assert( pParse->nErr || dest.iSdst>0 );
        pLeft = pRet;
      }
    }else{
      p = &pLeft->pSrc->a[0];
      assert( !p->fg.isTabFunc && !p->fg.isIndexedBy );
      p->u1.nRow++;
    }
  
    if( pParse->nErr==0 ){
      assert( p!=0 );
      if( p->pSelect->pEList->nExpr!=pRow->nExpr ){
        sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(pParse, p->pSelect);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pRow, p->regResult, 0, 0);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(pParse->pVdbe, OP_Yield, p->regReturn);
      }
    }
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, pRow);
  }

  return pLeft;
}

/* Forward declaration */
static int xferOptimization(
  Parse *pParse,        /* Parser context */
  Table *pDest,         /* The table we are inserting into */
  Select *pSelect,      /* A SELECT statement to use as the data source */
  int onError,          /* How to handle constraint errors */

  ** is coming from a SELECT statement, then generate a co-routine that
  ** produces a single row of the SELECT on each invocation.  The
  ** co-routine is the common header to the 3rd and 4th templates.
  */
  if( pSelect ){
    /* Data is coming from a SELECT or from a multi-row VALUES clause.
    ** Generate a co-routine to run the SELECT. */


    int rc;             /* Result code */

    if( pSelect->pSrc->nSrc==1 
     && pSelect->pSrc->a[0].fg.viaCoroutine 
     && pSelect->pPrior==0
    ){
      SrcItem *pItem = &pSelect->pSrc->a[0];
      dest.iSDParm = pItem->regReturn;
      regFromSelect = pItem->regResult;
      nColumn = pItem->pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "SCAN %S", pItem));
      if( bIdListInOrder && nColumn==pTab->nCol ){
        regData = regFromSelect;
        regRowid = regData - 1;
        regIns = regRowid - (IsVirtual(pTab) ? 1 : 0);
      }
    }else{
      int addrTop;        /* Top of the co-routine */
      int regYield = ++pParse->nMem;
      addrTop = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v) + 1;
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_InitCoroutine, regYield, 0, addrTop);
      sqlite3SelectDestInit(&dest, SRT_Coroutine, regYield);
      dest.iSdst = bIdListInOrder ? regData : 0;
      dest.nSdst = pTab->nCol;
      rc = sqlite3Select(pParse, pSelect, &dest);
      regFromSelect = dest.iSdst;
      assert( db->pParse==pParse );
      if( rc || pParse->nErr ) goto insert_cleanup;
      assert( db->mallocFailed==0 );
      sqlite3VdbeEndCoroutine(v, regYield);
      sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addrTop - 1);                       /* label B: */
      assert( pSelect->pEList );
      nColumn = pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
    }

    /* Set useTempTable to TRUE if the result of the SELECT statement
    ** should be written into a temporary table (template 4).  Set to
    ** FALSE if each output row of the SELECT can be written directly into
    ** the destination table (template 3).
    **
    ** A temp table must be used if the table being updated is also one

  }
}

%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
select(A) ::= WITH wqlist(W) selectnowith(X). {A = attachWithToSelect(pParse,X,W);}
select(A) ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W) selectnowith(X).
                                              {A = attachWithToSelect(pParse,X,W);}

%endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_CTE */
select(A) ::= selectnowith(A). {
  Select *p = A;
  if( p ){
    parserDoubleLinkSelect(pParse, p);
  }
}

  }else{
    sqlite3WindowListDelete(pParse->db, R);
  }
}
%endif


// Single row VALUES clause.
//
%type values {Select*}
oneselect(A) ::= values(A).
%destructor values {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
values(A) ::= VALUES LP nexprlist(X) RP. {
  A = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse,X,0,0,0,0,0,SF_Values,0);
}

// Multiple row VALUES clause.
//
%type mvalues {Select*}
oneselect(A) ::= mvalues(A). {
  sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(pParse, A);
}
%destructor mvalues {sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
mvalues(A) ::= values(A) COMMA LP nexprlist(Y) RP. {


  A = sqlite3MultiValues(pParse, A, Y);






}
mvalues(A) ::= mvalues(A) COMMA LP nexprlist(Y) RP. {
  A = sqlite3MultiValues(pParse, A, Y);
}

// The "distinct" nonterminal is true (1) if the DISTINCT keyword is
// present and false (0) if it is not.
//
%type distinct {int}
distinct(A) ::= DISTINCT.   {A = SF_Distinct;}

      ** regardless of the value of expr1.
      */
      sqlite3ExprUnmapAndDelete(pParse, A);
      A = sqlite3Expr(pParse->db, TK_STRING, N ? "true" : "false");
      if( A ) sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(A);
    }else{
      Expr *pRHS = Y->a[0].pExpr;
      if( Y->nExpr==1 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pParse,pRHS) && A->op!=TK_VECTOR ){
        Y->a[0].pExpr = 0;
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
        pRHS = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_UPLUS, pRHS, 0);
        A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, A, pRHS);
      }else if( Y->nExpr==1 && pRHS->op==TK_SELECT ){
        A = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, A, 0);
        sqlite3PExprAddSelect(pParse, A, pRHS->x.pSelect);

with ::= WITH wqlist(W).              { sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1); }
with ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W).    { sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1); }

%type wqas {u8}
wqas(A)   ::= AS.                  {A = M10d_Any;}
wqas(A)   ::= AS MATERIALIZED.     {A = M10d_Yes;}
wqas(A)   ::= AS NOT MATERIALIZED. {A = M10d_No;}
wqitem(A) ::= withnm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) wqas(M) LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3CteNew(pParse, &X, Y, Z, M); /*A-overwrites-X*/
}
withnm(A) ::= nm(A). {pParse->bHasWith = 1;}
wqlist(A) ::= wqitem(X). {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, X); /*A-overwrites-X*/
}
wqlist(A) ::= wqlist(A) COMMA wqitem(X). {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, A, X);
}
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_CTE

        }else if( pItem->zAlias ){
          sqlite3_str_appendall(pAccum, pItem->zAlias);
        }else{
          Select *pSel = pItem->pSelect;
          assert( pSel!=0 );
          if( pSel->selFlags & SF_NestedFrom ){
            sqlite3_str_appendf(pAccum, "(join-%u)", pSel->selId);
          }else if( pSel->selFlags & SF_MultiValue ){
            assert( !pItem->fg.isTabFunc && !pItem->fg.isIndexedBy );
            sqlite3_str_appendf(pAccum, "%u-ROW VALUES CLAUSE",
                                pItem->u1.nRow);
          }else{
            sqlite3_str_appendf(pAccum, "(subquery-%u)", pSel->selId);
          }
        }
        length = width = 0;
        break;
      }

  WhereConst *pConst,  /* The WhereConst into which we are inserting */
  Expr *pColumn,       /* The COLUMN part of the constraint */
  Expr *pValue,        /* The VALUE part of the constraint */
  Expr *pExpr          /* Overall expression: COLUMN=VALUE or VALUE=COLUMN */
){
  int i;
  assert( pColumn->op==TK_COLUMN );
  assert( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pConst->pParse, pValue) );

  if( ExprHasProperty(pColumn, EP_FixedCol) ) return;
  if( sqlite3ExprAffinity(pValue)!=0 ) return;
  if( !sqlite3IsBinary(sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pConst->pParse,pExpr)) ){
    return;
  }

    return;
  }
  if( pExpr->op!=TK_EQ ) return;
  pRight = pExpr->pRight;
  pLeft = pExpr->pLeft;
  assert( pRight!=0 );
  assert( pLeft!=0 );
  if( pRight->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pConst->pParse, pLeft) ){
    constInsert(pConst,pRight,pLeft,pExpr);
  }
  if( pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pConst->pParse, pRight) ){
    constInsert(pConst,pLeft,pRight,pExpr);
  }
}

/*
** This is a helper function for Walker callback propagateConstantExprRewrite().
**

      sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_READ, pItem->zName, "", pItem->zDatabase);
    }

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW)
    /* Generate code for all sub-queries in the FROM clause
    */
    pSub = pItem->pSelect;
    if( pSub==0 || pItem->addrFillSub!=0 ) continue;

    /* The code for a subquery should only be generated once. */
    assert( pItem->addrFillSub==0 );

    /* Increment Parse.nHeight by the height of the largest expression
    ** tree referred to by this, the parent select. The child select
    ** may contain expression trees of at most

** jointype expresses the join between the table and the previous table.
**
** In the colUsed field, the high-order bit (bit 63) is set if the table
** contains more than 63 columns and the 64-th or later column is used.
**
** Union member validity:
**
**    u1.zIndexedBy      fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isTabFunc
**    u1.pFuncArg        fg.isTabFunc   && !fg.isIndexedBy
**    u1.nRow            !fg.isTabFunc  && !fg.isIndexedBy
**
**    u2.pIBIndex        fg.isIndexedBy && !fg.isCte
**    u2.pCteUse         fg.isCte       && !fg.isIndexedBy
*/
struct SrcItem {
  Schema *pSchema;  /* Schema to which this item is fixed */
  char *zDatabase;  /* Name of database holding this table */
  char *zName;      /* Name of the table */
  char *zAlias;     /* The "B" part of a "A AS B" phrase.  zName is the "A" */
  Table *pTab;      /* An SQL table corresponding to zName */

    Expr *pOn;        /* fg.isUsing==0 =>  The ON clause of a join */
    IdList *pUsing;   /* fg.isUsing==1 =>  The USING clause of a join */
  } u3;
  Bitmask colUsed;  /* Bit N set if column N used. Details above for N>62 */
  union {
    char *zIndexedBy;    /* Identifier from "INDEXED BY <zIndex>" clause */
    ExprList *pFuncArg;  /* Arguments to table-valued-function */
    u32 nRow;            /* Number of rows in a VALUES clause */
  } u1;
  union {
    Index *pIBIndex;  /* Index structure corresponding to u1.zIndexedBy */
    CteUse *pCteUse;  /* CTE Usage info when fg.isCte is true */
  } u2;
};

  u8 isMultiWrite;     /* True if statement may modify/insert multiple rows */
  u8 mayAbort;         /* True if statement may throw an ABORT exception */
  u8 hasCompound;      /* Need to invoke convertCompoundSelectToSubquery() */
  u8 okConstFactor;    /* OK to factor out constants */
  u8 disableLookaside; /* Number of times lookaside has been disabled */
  u8 prepFlags;        /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  u8 withinRJSubrtn;   /* Nesting level for RIGHT JOIN body subroutines */
  u8 bHasWith;         /* True if statement contains WITH */
#if defined(SQLITE_DEBUG) || defined(SQLITE_COVERAGE_TEST)
  u8 earlyCleanup;     /* OOM inside sqlite3ParserAddCleanup() */
#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  u8 ifNotExists;      /* Might be true if IF NOT EXISTS.  Assert()s only */
#endif
  int nRangeReg;       /* Size of the temporary register block */

  int regOne;             /* Register containing constant value 1 */
  int regStartRowid;
  int regEndRowid;
  u8 bExprArgs;           /* Defer evaluation of window function arguments
                          ** due to the SQLITE_SUBTYPE flag */
};

Select *sqlite3MultiValues(Parse *pParse, Select *pLeft, ExprList *pRow);
void sqlite3MultiValuesEnd(Parse *pParse, Select *pVal);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_WINDOWFUNC
void sqlite3WindowDelete(sqlite3*, Window*);
void sqlite3WindowUnlinkFromSelect(Window*);
void sqlite3WindowListDelete(sqlite3 *db, Window *p);
Window *sqlite3WindowAlloc(Parse*, int, int, Expr*, int , Expr*, u8);
void sqlite3WindowAttach(Parse*, Expr*, Window*);
void sqlite3WindowLink(Select *pSel, Window *pWin);

void sqlite3EndTransaction(Parse*,int);
void sqlite3Savepoint(Parse*, int, Token*);
void sqlite3CloseSavepoints(sqlite3 *);
void sqlite3LeaveMutexAndCloseZombie(sqlite3*);
u32 sqlite3IsTrueOrFalse(const char*);
int sqlite3ExprIdToTrueFalse(Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprTruthValue(const Expr*);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstant(Parse*,Expr*);

int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrFunction(Expr*, u8);
int sqlite3ExprIsConstantOrGroupBy(Parse*, Expr*, ExprList*);
int sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(Expr*,int);
int sqlite3ExprIsSingleTableConstraint(Expr*,const SrcList*,int);
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_CURSOR_HINTS
int sqlite3ExprContainsSubquery(Expr*);
#endif

  if( pOrderBy ){
    int n = pOrderBy->nExpr;
    for(i=0; i<n; i++){
      Expr *pExpr = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
      Expr *pE2;

      /* Skip over constant terms in the ORDER BY clause */
      if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0, pExpr) ){
        continue;
      }

      /* Virtual tables are unable to deal with NULLS FIRST */
      if( pOrderBy->a[i].fg.sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_BIGNULL ) break;

      /* First case - a direct column references without a COLLATE operator */

    j++;
  }
  assert( j==nTerm );
  pIdxInfo->nConstraint = j;
  for(i=j=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
    Expr *pExpr = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0, pExpr) ) continue;
    assert( pExpr->op==TK_COLUMN
         || (pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE && pExpr->pLeft->op==TK_COLUMN
              && pExpr->iColumn==pExpr->pLeft->iColumn) );
    pIdxOrderBy[j].iColumn = pExpr->iColumn;
    pIdxOrderBy[j].desc = pOrderBy->a[i].fg.sortFlags & KEYINFO_ORDER_DESC;
    j++;
  }

  if( (pPart->op==TK_EQ || pPart->op==TK_IS) ){
    Expr *pLeft = pPart->pLeft;
    Expr *pRight = pPart->pRight;
    u8 aff;

    if( pLeft->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return;
    if( !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0, pRight) ) return;
    if( !sqlite3IsBinary(sqlite3ExprCompareCollSeq(pParse, pPart)) ) return;
    if( pLeft->iColumn<0 ) return;
    aff = pIdx->pTable->aCol[pLeft->iColumn].affinity;
    if( aff>=SQLITE_AFF_TEXT ){
      if( pItem ){
        sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
        IndexedExpr *p = (IndexedExpr*)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(db, sizeof(*p));

      orderDistinctMask |= pLoop->maskSelf;
      for(i=0; i<nOrderBy; i++){
        Expr *p;
        Bitmask mTerm;
        if( MASKBIT(i) & obSat ) continue;
        p = pOrderBy->a[i].pExpr;
        mTerm = sqlite3WhereExprUsage(&pWInfo->sMaskSet,p);
        if( mTerm==0 && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,p) ) continue;
        if( (mTerm&~orderDistinctMask)==0 ){
          obSat |= MASKBIT(i);
        }
      }
    }
  } /* End the loop over all WhereLoops from outer-most down to inner-most */
  if( obSat==obDone ) return (i8)nOrderBy;

      bMaybeNullRow = (pTabItem->fg.jointype & (JT_LEFT|JT_LTORJ|JT_RIGHT))!=0;
    }else if( j>=0 && (pTab->aCol[j].colFlags & COLFLAG_VIRTUAL)!=0 ){
      pExpr = sqlite3ColumnExpr(pTab, &pTab->aCol[j]);
      bMaybeNullRow = 0;
    }else{
      continue;
    }
    if( sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,pExpr) ) continue;
    if( pExpr->op==TK_FUNCTION ){
      /* Functions that might set a subtype should not be replaced by the
      ** value taken from an expression index since the index omits the
      ** subtype.  https://sqlite.org/forum/forumpost/68d284c86b082c3e */
      int n;
      FuncDef *pDef;
      sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  if( nTabList==0 ){
    if( pOrderBy ) pWInfo->nOBSat = pOrderBy->nExpr;
    if( (wctrlFlags & WHERE_WANT_DISTINCT)!=0
     && OptimizationEnabled(db, SQLITE_DistinctOpt)
    ){
      pWInfo->eDistinct = WHERE_DISTINCT_UNIQUE;
    }
    if( ALWAYS(pWInfo->pSelect)
     && (pWInfo->pSelect->selFlags & SF_MultiValue)==0
    ){
      ExplainQueryPlan((pParse, 0, "SCAN CONSTANT ROW"));
    }
  }else{
    /* Assign a bit from the bitmask to every term in the FROM clause.
    **
    ** The N-th term of the FROM clause is assigned a bitmask of 1<<N.
    **
    ** The rule of the previous sentence ensures that if X is the bitmask for
    ** a table T, then X-1 is the bitmask for all other tables to the left of T.

    /* For a co-routine, change all OP_Column references to the table of
    ** the co-routine into OP_Copy of result contained in a register.
    ** OP_Rowid becomes OP_Null.
    */
    if( pTabItem->fg.viaCoroutine ){
      testcase( pParse->db->mallocFailed );
      assert( pTabItem->regResult>=0 );
      translateColumnToCopy(pParse, pLevel->addrBody, pLevel->iTabCur,
                            pTabItem->regResult, 0);
      continue;
    }

    /* If this scan uses an index, make VDBE code substitutions to read data
    ** from the index instead of from the table where possible.  In some cases

    iCur = pFrom->a[j].iCursor;
    for(pIdx=pFrom->a[j].pTab->pIndex; pIdx; pIdx=pIdx->pNext){
      if( pIdx->aColExpr==0 ) continue;
      for(i=0; i<pIdx->nKeyCol; i++){
        if( pIdx->aiColumn[i]!=XN_EXPR ) continue;
        assert( pIdx->bHasExpr );
        if( sqlite3ExprCompareSkip(pExpr,pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr,iCur)==0
         && !sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,pIdx->aColExpr->a[i].pExpr)
        ){
          aiCurCol[0] = iCur;
          aiCurCol[1] = XN_EXPR;
          return 1;
        }
      }
    }

** The argument expression is an PRECEDING or FOLLOWING offset.  The
** value should be a non-negative integer.  If the value is not a
** constant, change it to NULL.  The fact that it is then a non-negative
** integer will be caught later.  But it is important not to leave
** variable values in the expression tree.
*/
static Expr *sqlite3WindowOffsetExpr(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  if( 0==sqlite3ExprIsConstant(0,pExpr) ){
    if( IN_RENAME_OBJECT ) sqlite3RenameExprUnmap(pParse, pExpr);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, pExpr);
    pExpr = sqlite3ExprAlloc(pParse->db, TK_NULL, 0, 0);
  }
  return pExpr;
}

  END}
  {CREATE TRIGGER tr2 AFTER DELETE ON "t3" BEGIN
    SELECT z, y FROM (
      SELECT "t3".* FROM "t3"
    );
  END}
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 30.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS 
      SELECT ( VALUES(a), (b) ) FROM (
        SELECT a, b FROM t1
      )
  ;
}

do_execsql_test 30.1 {
  SELECT * FROM v1
}

do_execsql_test 30.1 {
  ALTER TABLE t1 RENAME TO t2;
}
do_execsql_test 30.2 {
  SELECT sql FROM sqlite_schema WHERE type='view'
} {
  {CREATE VIEW v1 AS 
      SELECT ( VALUES(a), (b) ) FROM (
        SELECT a, b FROM "t2"
      )}
}

finish_test

  ANALYZE sqlite_schema;
  INSERT INTO sqlite_stat1 VALUES('t1','t1abc','10000 5 00 2003 10');
  ANALYZE sqlite_schema;
} {}
do_execsql_test 11.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1
   WHERE b IN (345, (SELECT 1 FROM t1 
                      WHERE b IN (coalesce(1,random()))
                        AND c GLOB 'abc*xyz'))
     AND c BETWEEN 'abc' AND 'xyz';
} {xyz 1 abcdefxyz 99}
do_execsql_test 11.2 {
  EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM t1
   WHERE b IN (345, (SELECT 1 FROM t1 
                      WHERE b IN (coalesce(1,random()))
                        AND c GLOB 'abc*xyz'))
     AND c BETWEEN 'abc' AND 'xyz';
} {/ SeekScan /}

# 2021-06-25 ticket 6dcbfd11cf666e21
# Another problem with OP_SeekScan
#

  CREATE TABLE b1(x);
  INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (11);
} {0 {}}

do_catchsql_test sqllimits1-18.2 {
  INSERT INTO b1 VALUES(1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10)
    UNION VALUES(11);
} {0 {}}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
reset_db
ifcapable utf16 {
  do_execsql_test 19.0 {
    PRAGMA encoding = 'utf16';

# 2024 March 3
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix values


do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a, b, c);
}


explain_i {
  INSERT INTO x1(a, b, c) VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4);
}
do_execsql_test 1.1.1 {
  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4);
}
do_execsql_test 1.1.2 {
  SELECT * FROM x1;
} {
  1 1 1
  2 2 2
  3 3 3
  4 4 4
}

do_execsql_test 1.2.0 {
  DELETE FROM x1
}
do_execsql_test 1.2.1 {
  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3) UNION ALL SELECT 4, 4, 4;
  SELECT * FROM x1;
} {1 1 1  2 2 2   3 3 3  4 4 4}

sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT 4

do_execsql_test 1.2.2 {
  DELETE FROM x1;
  INSERT INTO x1 
  VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4), (5, 5, 5) 
  UNION ALL SELECT 6, 6, 6;
  SELECT * FROM x1;
} {1 1 1  2 2 2   3 3 3  4 4 4  5 5 5  6 6 6}

do_execsql_test 1.2.3 {
  DELETE FROM x1;
  INSERT INTO x1 
  VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4)
  UNION ALL SELECT 6, 6, 6;
  SELECT * FROM x1;
} {1 1 1  2 2 2   3 3 3  4 4 4  6 6 6}

do_execsql_test 1.2.4 {
  DELETE FROM x1;
  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3) UNION ALL SELECT 6, 6, 6;
  SELECT * FROM x1;
} {
 1 1 1
 2 2 2
 3 3 3
 6 6 6
}

set a 4
set b 5
set c 6
do_execsql_test 1.2.5 {
  DELETE FROM x1;
  INSERT INTO x1 
  VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), 
        (4, 4, $a), (5, 5, $b), (6, 6, $c)
}

do_execsql_test 1.2.6 {
  SELECT * FROM x1;
} {
  1 1 1
  2 2 2
  3 3 3
  4 4 4
  5 5 5
  6 6 6
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT set to 0.
#
reset_db

do_execsql_test 2.0 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a, b, c);
}

sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT 3

do_catchsql_test 2.1.1 {
  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
      (1, 1, 1), 
      (2, 2, 2), 
      (3, 3, 3), 
      (4, 4, 4), 
      (5, 5, 5), 
      (6, 6, 6), 
      (7, 7, 7), 
      (8, 8, 8), 
      (9, 9, 9), 
      (10, 10, 10, 10)
} {1 {all VALUES must have the same number of terms}}

do_catchsql_test 2.1.2 {
  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
      (1, 1, 1), 
      (2, 2, 2, 2), 
      (3, 3, 3), 
      (4, 4, 4), 
      (5, 5, 5), 
      (6, 6, 6), 
      (7, 7, 7), 
      (8, 8, 8), 
      (9, 9, 9), 
      (10, 10, 10)
} {1 {all VALUES must have the same number of terms}}

sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT 0

do_execsql_test 2.2 {
  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
      (1, 1, 1), 
      (2, 2, 2), 
      (3, 3, 3), 
      (4, 4, 4), 
      (5, 5, 5), 
      (6, 6, 6), 
      (7, 7, 7), 
      (8, 8, 8), 
      (9, 9, 9), 
      (10, 10, 10)
} {}
do_execsql_test 2.3 {
  INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
      (1, 1, 1), 
      (2, 2, 2), 
      (3, 3, 3), 
      (4, 4, 4), 
      (5, 5, 5), 
      (6, 6, 6), 
      (7, 7, 7), 
      (8, 8, 8), 
      (9, 9, 9), 
      (10, 10, 10)
      UNION ALL 
      SELECT 5, 12, 12
      ORDER BY 1
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 3.0 {
  CREATE TABLE y1(x, y);
}

do_execsql_test 3.1.1 {
  DELETE FROM y1;
  INSERT INTO y1 VALUES(1, 2), (3, 4), (row_number() OVER (), 5);
}
do_execsql_test 3.1.2 {
  SELECT * FROM y1;
} {1 2  3 4  1 5}
do_execsql_test 3.2.1 {
  DELETE FROM y1;
  INSERT INTO y1 VALUES(1, 2), (3, 4), (row_number() OVER (), 6)
    , (row_number() OVER (), 7)
}
do_execsql_test 3.1.2 {
  SELECT * FROM y1;
} {1 2  3 4  1 6  1 7}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 4.0 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a PRIMARY KEY, b) WITHOUT ROWID;
}

foreach {tn iLimit} {1 0    2 3} { 
  sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT $iLimit

  do_execsql_test 4.1.1 {
    DELETE FROM x1;
    INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
        (1, 1),
        (2, (SELECT * FROM  (VALUES('a'), ('b'), ('c'), ('d')) ))
  }
  do_execsql_test 4.1.2 {
    SELECT * FROM x1
  } {1 1 2 a}

  do_execsql_test 4.2.1 {
    DELETE FROM x1;
    INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
        (1, 1),
        (2, 2),
        (3, 3),
        (4, 4),
        (5, (SELECT * FROM  (VALUES('a'), ('b'), ('c'), ('d')) ))
  }
  do_execsql_test 4.2.2 {
    SELECT * FROM x1
  } {1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 a}

  do_execsql_test 4.3.1 {
    DELETE FROM x1;
    INSERT INTO x1 VALUES
        (1, (SELECT * FROM  (VALUES('a'), ('b'), ('c'), ('d'), ('e')) ))
  }
  do_execsql_test 4.3.2 {
    SELECT * FROM x1
  } {1 a}
}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 5.0 {
  CREATE VIEW v1 AS VALUES(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9);
}
do_execsql_test 5.1 {
  SELECT * FROM v1
} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 6.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1), (2);
}

do_execsql_test 6.1 {
  SELECT ( VALUES( x ), ( x ) ) FROM t1;
} {1 2}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 6.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('x'), ('y');
}

do_execsql_test 6.1 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, (VALUES(1), (2))
} {x 1 x 2 y 1 y 2}

do_execsql_test 6.2 {
  VALUES(CAST(44 AS REAL)),(55);
} {44.0 55}

#------------------------------------------------------------------------
do_execsql_test 7.1 {
  WITH x1(a, b) AS (
    VALUES(1, 2), ('a', 'b')
  )
  SELECT * FROM x1 one, x1 two
} {
  1 2  1 2
  1 2  a b
  a b  1 2
  a b  a b
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

set VVV {
  ( VALUES('a', 'b'), ('c', 'd'), (123, NULL) )
}
set VVV2 {
  ( 
  SELECT 'a' AS column1, 'b' AS column2 
  UNION ALL SELECT 'c', 'd' UNION ALL SELECT 123, NULL
  )
}

do_execsql_test 8.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('d'), (NULL), (123)
}
foreach {tn q res} {
  1 "SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN VVV" {
    d a b   d c d   d 123 {}
    {} a b   {} c d   {} 123 {}
    123 a b   123 c d   123 123 {}
  }

  2 "SELECT * FROM t1 LEFT JOIN VVV ON (column1=x)" {
    d {} {}
    {} {} {}
    123 123 {}
  }

  3 "SELECT * FROM t1 RIGHT JOIN VVV" {
    d a b   d c d   d 123 {}
    {} a b   {} c d   {} 123 {}
    123 a b   123 c d   123 123 {}
  }

  4 "SELECT * FROM t1 RIGHT JOIN VVV ON (column1=x)" {
    123 123 {}
    {} a b
    {} c d
  }

  5 "SELECT * FROM t1 FULL OUTER JOIN VVV ON (column1=x)" {
    d {} {}
    {} {} {}
    123 123 {}
    {} a b
    {} c d
  }

  6 "SELECT count(*) FROM VVV" { 3 }

  7 "SELECT (SELECT column1 FROM VVV)" { a }

  8 "SELECT * FROM VVV UNION ALL SELECT * FROM VVV" {
    a b c d 123 {}
    a b c d 123 {}
  }

  9 "SELECT * FROM VVV INTERSECT SELECT * FROM VVV" {
    123 {} a b c d 
  }

  10 "SELECT * FROM VVV eXCEPT SELECT * FROM VVV" { }

  11 "SELECT * FROM VVV eXCEPT SELECT 'a', 'b'" { 123 {} c d }

} {
  set q1 [string map [list VVV $VVV] $q]
  set q2 [string map [list VVV $VVV2] $q]
  set q3 "WITH VVV AS $VVV $q"

  do_execsql_test 8.1.$tn.1 $q1 $res
  do_execsql_test 8.1.$tn.2 $q2 $res
  do_execsql_test 8.1.$tn.3 $q3 $res
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db

do_execsql_test 9.1 {
  VALUES(456), (123), (NULL) UNION ALL SELECT 122 ORDER BY 1
} { {} 122 123 456 }

do_execsql_test 9.2 {
  VALUES (1, 2), (3, 4), (
    ( SELECT column1 FROM ( VALUES (5, 6), (7, 8) ) ),
    ( SELECT max(column2) FROM ( VALUES (5, 1), (7, 6) ) )
  )
} { 1 2 3 4 5 6 }

do_execsql_test 10.1 {
  CREATE TABLE a2(a, b, c DEFAULT 'xyz');
}
do_execsql_test 10.2 {
  INSERT INTO a2(a) VALUES(3),(4);
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
ifcapable fts5 {
  do_execsql_test 11.0 {
    CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE ft USING fts3(x);
  }
  do_execsql_test 11.1 {
    INSERT INTO ft VALUES('one'), ('two');
  }
}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 12.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
}
do_execsql_test 12.1 {
  INSERT INTO t1 SELECT 1, 2 UNION ALL VALUES(3, 4), (5, 6);
}
do_execsql_test 12.2 {
  SELECT * FROM t1
} {1 2 3 4 5 6}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 13.0 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('xyz');

  SELECT (
      VALUES( (max(substr('abc', 1, 1), x)) ),
      (123),
      (456)
      )
  FROM t1;
} {xyz}

do_catchsql_test 13.1 {
  VALUES(300), (zeroblob(300) OVER win);
} {1 {zeroblob() may not be used as a window function}}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
reset_db
do_execsql_test 14.1 {
  PRAGMA encoding = utf16;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
} {}

db close
sqlite3 db test.db

do_execsql_test 14.2 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
    (17, 'craft'),
    (16, 'urtlek' IN(1,2,3));
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
#
reset_db
do_eqp_test 15.1 {
  VALUES(1),(2),(3),(4),(5);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  `--SCAN 5-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
}
do_execsql_test 15.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a,b);
}
do_eqp_test 15.3 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
    (1,2),(3,4),(7,8);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  `--SCAN 3-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
}
do_eqp_test 15.4 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
    (1,2),(3,4),(7,8),
    (5,row_number()OVER());
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  `--COMPOUND QUERY
     |--LEFT-MOST SUBQUERY
     |  `--SCAN 3-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
     `--UNION ALL
        |--CO-ROUTINE (subquery-xxxxxx)
        |  `--SCAN CONSTANT ROW
        `--SCAN (subquery-xxxxxx)
}
do_eqp_test 15.5 {
  SELECT * FROM (VALUES(1),(2),(3),(4),(5),(6)), (VALUES('a'),('b'),('c'));
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN 6-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
  `--SCAN 3-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
}
do_execsql_test 15.6 {
  CREATE TABLE t2(x,y);
}
do_eqp_test 15.7 {
  SELECT * FROM t2 UNION ALL VALUES(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),(7,8);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  `--COMPOUND QUERY
     |--LEFT-MOST SUBQUERY
     |  `--SCAN t2
     `--UNION ALL
        `--SCAN 4-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
}

#--------------------------------------------------------------------------
# The VALUES-as-coroutine optimization can be applied to later rows of
# a VALUES clause even if earlier rows do not qualify.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 16.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(a,b);
}
do_execsql_test 16.2 {
  BEGIN;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),
     (7,row_number()OVER()),
     (9,10), (11,12), (13,14), (15,16);
  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a, b;
  ROLLBACK;
} {1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16}
do_eqp_test 16.3 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1,2),(3,4),(5,6),
     (7,row_number()OVER()),
     (9,10), (11,12), (13,14), (15,16);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  `--COMPOUND QUERY
     |--LEFT-MOST SUBQUERY
     |  `--SCAN 3-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
     |--UNION ALL
     |  |--CO-ROUTINE (subquery-xxxxxx)
     |  |  `--SCAN CONSTANT ROW
     |  `--SCAN (subquery-xxxxxx)
     `--UNION ALL
        `--SCAN 4-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
}
do_execsql_test 16.4 {
  BEGIN;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
     (1,row_number()OVER()),
     (2,3), (4,5), (6,7);
  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a, b;
  ROLLBACK;
} {1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7}
do_eqp_test 16.5 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
     (1,row_number()OVER()),
     (2,3), (4,5), (6,7);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  `--COMPOUND QUERY
     |--LEFT-MOST SUBQUERY
     |  |--CO-ROUTINE (subquery-xxxxxx)
     |  |  `--SCAN CONSTANT ROW
     |  `--SCAN (subquery-xxxxxx)
     `--UNION ALL
        `--SCAN 3-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
}
do_execsql_test 16.6 {
  BEGIN;
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
     (1,2),(3,4),
     (5,row_number()OVER()),
     (7,8),(9,10),(11,12),
     (13,row_number()OVER()),
     (15,16),(17,18),(19,20),(21,22);
  SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY a, b;
  ROLLBACK;
} { 1 2 3 4 5 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22}
do_eqp_test 16.7 {
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES
     (1,2),(3,4),
     (5,row_number()OVER()),
     (7,8),(9,10),(11,12),
     (13,row_number()OVER()),
     (15,16),(17,18),(19,20),(21,22);
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  `--COMPOUND QUERY
     |--LEFT-MOST SUBQUERY
     |  `--SCAN 2-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
     |--UNION ALL
     |  |--CO-ROUTINE (subquery-xxxxxx)
     |  |  `--SCAN CONSTANT ROW
     |  `--SCAN (subquery-xxxxxx)
     |--UNION ALL
     |  `--SCAN 3-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
     |--UNION ALL
     |  |--CO-ROUTINE (subquery-xxxxxx)
     |  |  `--SCAN CONSTANT ROW
     |  `--SCAN (subquery-xxxxxx)
     `--UNION ALL
        `--SCAN 4-ROW VALUES CLAUSE
}

finish_test

# 2024 March 3
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set testprefix valuesfault
source $testdir/malloc_common.tcl


do_execsql_test 1.0 {
  CREATE TABLE x1(a, b, c);
}
faultsim_save_and_close

do_faultsim_test 1 -prep {
  faultsim_restore_and_reopen
  sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT 2
} -body {
  execsql {
    INSERT INTO x1 VALUES(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2), (3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4);
  }
} -test {
  faultsim_test_result {0 {}} 
}


finish_test

  ORDER BY t1.a;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SEARCH t1 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t1_1 (a=?)
  |--SEARCH t2 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t2_1 (a=?)
  `--SCAN t3
}
do_eqp_test 121 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3
   WHERE t1.a=t2.a AND t2.a=t3.j AND t3.j=abs(5)
  ORDER BY t1.a;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SEARCH t1 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t1_1 (a=?)
  |--SEARCH t2 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t2_1 (a=?)
  `--SCAN t3
}

# The sqlite3ExprIsConstant() routine does not believe that
# the expression "coalesce(5,random())" is constant.  So the
# optimization does not apply in this case.
# 
sqlite3_create_function db
do_eqp_test 122 {
  SELECT * FROM t1, t2, t3
   WHERE t1.a=t2.a AND t2.a=t3.j AND t3.j=coalesce(5,random())
  ORDER BY t1.a;
} {
  QUERY PLAN
  |--SCAN t3
  |--SEARCH t1 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t1_1 (a=?)
  |--SEARCH t2 USING INDEX sqlite_autoindex_t2_1 (a=?)
  `--USE TEMP B-TREE FOR ORDER BY
}

# Constant propagation in the face of collating sequences:
#
do_execsql_test 200 {
  CREATE TABLE c3(x COLLATE binary, y COLLATE nocase, z COLLATE binary);
  CREATE INDEX c3x ON c3(x);
  INSERT INTO c3 VALUES('ABC', 'ABC', 'abc');